999999 = N.I.U. (Not in Universe).

The Census Bureau applies different disclosure avoidance measures across time for individuals with high income in this variable. Detailed explanations of these methods, topcodes, and replacement value and swap value thresholds are available here.

Description

INCEDUC indicates how much pre-tax income (if any) the respondent received from educational assistance during the previous calendar year. This variable relates to education beyond the high school level, including college, university, or vocational, business, or trade school. The financial aid could cover tuition, fees, books, or living expenses while attending school.

Educational assistance includes Pell Grants or other aid from government sources, non-governmental scholarships and grants, and financial assistance from employers or friends (excluding household members). Educational benefits from the Veteran's Administration are included in INCVET rather than INCEDUC.

Amounts are expressed as they were reported to the interviewer; users must adjust for inflation using Consumer Price Index adjustment factors.

Comparability

Apart from the effect of inflation, this variable is largely consistent for 1988 forward. From 1988 to 1994, respondents reported a single figure for the year. Beginning in 1996, respondents could report amounts for smaller time intervals, such as weekly, bi-weekly, twice monthly, or monthly, along with the number of payments.

For 1962-1967, the value of educational assistance is subsumed in the INCUNERN variable, which encompasses all income from sources other than wages and salaries (INCWAGE), non-farm businesses (INCBUS), and farms (INCFARM).

For 1968-1987, the value of educational assistance from government sources, such as Pell Grants, is included in the INCGOV variable, which includes income from unspecified government programs. Educational assistance from other sources is included in the INCALOTH variable, which is a residual category covering alimony, child support, and other sources of income not otherwise specified.

Comparability with IPUMS-USA

Universe

Flags

Unharmonized Variables

• UH_INCED_A1
• UH_INCED_A2
• UH_INCED_A3