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Codes and Frequencies
An 'X' indicates the category is available for that sample
| Code | Label |
Feb
25 |
Jan
25 |
Dec
24 |
Nov
24 |
Oct
24 |
Sep
24 |
Aug
24 |
Jul
24 |
Jun
24 |
May
24 |
Apr
24 |
ASEC
24 |
Mar
24 |
Feb
24 |
Jan
24 |
Dec
23 |
Nov
23 |
Oct
23 |
Sep
23 |
Aug
23 |
Jul
23 |
Jun
23 |
May
23 |
Apr
23 |
ASEC
23 |
Mar
23 |
Feb
23 |
Jan
23 |
Dec
22 |
Nov
22 |
Oct
22 |
Sep
22 |
Aug
22 |
Jul
22 |
Jun
22 |
May
22 |
Apr
22 |
ASEC
22 |
Mar
22 |
Feb
22 |
Jan
22 |
Dec
21 |
Nov
21 |
Oct
21 |
Sep
21 |
Aug
21 |
Jul
21 |
Jun
21 |
May
21 |
Apr
21 |
Code | Label |
ASEC
21 |
Mar
21 |
Feb
21 |
Jan
21 |
ASEC
20 |
ASEC
19 |
ASEC
18 |
ASEC
17 |
ASEC
16 |
ASEC
15 |
ASEC
14 |
ASEC
13 |
ASEC
12 |
ASEC
11 |
ASEC
10 |
ASEC
09 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 0000 | NIU | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 0000 | NIU | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1949 | 1949 or earlier | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1949 | 1949 or earlier | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1959 | 1950-1959 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1959 | 1950-1959 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1964 | 1960-1964 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1964 | 1960-1964 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1969 | 1965-1969 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1969 | 1965-1969 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1974 | 1970-1974 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1974 | 1970-1974 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1979 | 1975-1979 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1979 | 1975-1979 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1981 | 1980-1981 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1981 | 1980-1981 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1983 | 1982-1983 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1983 | 1982-1983 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1985 | 1984-1985 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1985 | 1984-1985 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1987 | 1986-1987 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1987 | 1986-1987 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1989 | 1988-1989 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1989 | 1988-1989 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1991 | 1990-1991 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1991 | 1990-1991 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1993 | 1992-1993 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1993 | 1992-1993 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1994 | 1992-1994 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1994 | 1992-1994 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 1995 | 1994-1995 (1995 CPS: 1992-1995) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1995 | 1994-1995 (1995 CPS: 1992-1995) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1996 | 1994-1996 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1996 | 1994-1996 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 1997 | 1996-1997 (1997 CPS: 1994-1997) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1997 | 1996-1997 (1997 CPS: 1994-1997) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 1998 | 1996-1998 (2001 CPS: 1998) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 1998 | 1996-1998 (2001 CPS: 1998) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 1999 | 1998-1999 (1999 CPS: 1996-1999) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 1999 | 1998-1999 (1999 CPS: 1996-1999) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2000 | 1998-2000 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2000 | 1998-2000 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2001 | 2000-2001 (2001 CPS: 1998-2001) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2001 | 2000-2001 (2001 CPS: 1998-2001) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2002 | 2000-2002 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2002 | 2000-2002 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2003 | 2002-2003 (2003 CPS: 2000-2003) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2003 | 2002-2003 (2003 CPS: 2000-2003) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2004 | 2002-2004 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2004 | 2002-2004 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| Code | Label |
Feb
25 |
Jan
25 |
Dec
24 |
Nov
24 |
Oct
24 |
Sep
24 |
Aug
24 |
Jul
24 |
Jun
24 |
May
24 |
Apr
24 |
ASEC
24 |
Mar
24 |
Feb
24 |
Jan
24 |
Dec
23 |
Nov
23 |
Oct
23 |
Sep
23 |
Aug
23 |
Jul
23 |
Jun
23 |
May
23 |
Apr
23 |
ASEC
23 |
Mar
23 |
Feb
23 |
Jan
23 |
Dec
22 |
Nov
22 |
Oct
22 |
Sep
22 |
Aug
22 |
Jul
22 |
Jun
22 |
May
22 |
Apr
22 |
ASEC
22 |
Mar
22 |
Feb
22 |
Jan
22 |
Dec
21 |
Nov
21 |
Oct
21 |
Sep
21 |
Aug
21 |
Jul
21 |
Jun
21 |
May
21 |
Apr
21 |
Code | Label |
ASEC
21 |
Mar
21 |
Feb
21 |
Jan
21 |
ASEC
20 |
ASEC
19 |
ASEC
18 |
ASEC
17 |
ASEC
16 |
ASEC
15 |
ASEC
14 |
ASEC
13 |
ASEC
12 |
ASEC
11 |
ASEC
10 |
ASEC
09 |
| 2005 | 2004-2005 (2005 CPS: 2002-2005) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2005 | 2004-2005 (2005 CPS: 2002-2005) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2006 | 2004-2006 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2006 | 2004-2006 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2007 | 2004-2007 (2010 CPS forward: 2006-2007) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2007 | 2004-2007 (2010 CPS forward: 2006-2007) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · |
| 2008 | 2006-2008 (2006-2007 CPS: 2004-2008) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2008 | 2006-2008 (2006-2007 CPS: 2004-2008) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2009 | 2006-2009 (2012 CPS forward: 2008-2009) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2009 | 2006-2009 (2012 CPS forward: 2008-2009) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X |
| 2010 | 2008-2010 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2010 | 2008-2010 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · |
| 2011 | 2008-2011 (2014 CPS forward: 2010-2011) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2011 | 2008-2011 (2014 CPS forward: 2010-2011) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · | · |
| 2012 | 2010-2012 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2012 | 2010-2012 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · |
| 2013 | 2010-2013 (2016 CPS forward: 2012-2013) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2013 | 2010-2013 (2016 CPS forward: 2012-2013) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · | · | · | · |
| 2014 | 2012-2014 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2014 | 2012-2014 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2015 | 2012-2015 (2018 CPS forward: 2014-2015) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2015 | 2012-2015 (2018 CPS forward: 2014-2015) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2016 | 2014-2016 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2016 | 2014-2016 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2017 | 2014-2017 (2019 CPS forward: 2016-2017) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2017 | 2014-2017 (2019 CPS forward: 2016-2017) | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2018 | 2016-2018 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2018 | 2016-2018 | · | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2019 | 2016-2019 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2019 | 2016-2019 | · | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2020 | 2018-2020 | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2020 | 2018-2020 | · | · | · | · | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2021 | 2018-2021 (2022 CPS forward: 2018-2019) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | 2021 | 2018-2021 (2022 CPS forward: 2018-2019) | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2022 | 2020-2022 (2024 CPS forward: 2020-2021) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2022 | 2020-2022 (2024 CPS forward: 2020-2021) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
| 2024 | 2022-2024 (2025 CPS forward: 2022-2025) | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | 2024 | 2022-2024 (2025 CPS forward: 2022-2025) | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · | · |
Can't find the category you are looking for? Try the Detailed codes
Description
YRIMMIG reports the year in which a person born outside the United States "came to the U.S. to stay."
User Note: There are significant comparability issues in this variable after 1991. Please see the Comparability section for details.
Comparability
The earliest date identified in these data is "before 1950." Other codes cover a ten-year period (1950-1959), five-year periods between 1960 and 1979, two-year periods for the time between 1980 and 1991, and varying periods (of two years, three years, and four years) thereafter. The specific years grouped together for the period after 1991 differ over time. For example, the 2001 survey combined the years 1998 to 2001, while the 2002 survey provided separate codes for 1998-1999 and 2000-2002. Comparability across the survey period can be achieved by combining data on recent immigrants into a single "after 1991" classification and using the codes provided for the period between 1950 and 1991. Alternatively, the four-digit code can be interpreted as the latest year in which a respondent could possibly have immigrated, since the codes represent the final year in each interval.
Comparability with IPUMS-USA
The wording of the CPS question is identical to that of the 1990 census: "When did this person come to the United States to stay?" In census 2000 and the ACS, the wording is slightly different: "When did this person come to live in the United States?" The CPS data were recoded into codes included in the 1990 census, but a number of new codes were added in IPUMS-CPS to accommodate groupings only available in the survey. The 1990 census and the CPS provide intervalled data for recent years, but the intervals are only partly comparable across the two sources. The 2000 census and the ACS collected information about the exact year of immigration, and data from these sources are given in single years for 1950 on. Researchers wishing to combine data from IPUMS-USA and IPUMS-CPS will have to recode some of the data into larger groupings to achieve comparability.
Universe
- Foreign-born persons, and persons born in U.S. outlying areas.
Availability
| Years | Jan | Feb | ASEC | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1994 – 2024 | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
| 2025 | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Flags
QYRIMMIGUnharmonized Variables
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