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The 2026 September BMS data are now available via IPUMS CPS. October 2025 BMS data were not collected during the U.S. federal government shutdown.

VOTEHOW

Method of voting in the most recent November election
Return to Voter Supplement variables list

Codes and Frequencies

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Description

VOTEHOW reports whether the person voted in person or by mail (by absentee ballot).

This variable is part of the Voter Supplement.

Comparability

From 1996 to 2002, the survey question differentiated voting in person on or before the election day, but for harmonization the options have been consolidated into in person or by mail.

Universe

  • Citizen age 18+ who responded they voted in the most recent November election

Availability

Years Jan Feb ASEC Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1996 - - - - - - - - - - X -
1998 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2000 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2002 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2004 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2006 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2008 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2010 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2012 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2014 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2016 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2018 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2020 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2022 - - - - - - - - - - X -
2024 - - - - - - - - - - X -

Flags

This variable has no flags.

Unharmonized Variables

No variables available